Geography Optional Test Series and Content Enrichment Program

Test – 1
Characteristics, Configuration & evolution of rocks and landforms (except Applied Geomorphology) All geomorphology WG ; Physiographic Regions IG, Drainage System IG, Watersheds IG, Relief and Structure IG

Test – 2
Map test of Relief Features of India, Mountains, Plateaus, Hills, Passes, Peaks and  Islands
Test – 3
Physical ,Regional Study of Weather/Climate& Oceans (except Applied
Climatology, Urban climate, Marine Resources, Coral Bleaching, Marine Pollution) All Climatology WG, All Oceanography WG; Mechanism of Indian Monsoons IG, Rainfall Pattern IG, Tropical Cyclones IG, Climatic Regions IG, Western Disturbances IG

Test – 4
Map test of Water bodies of India, Plains, Lakes ,Rivers ,Dams, Multipurpose River Valley Projects &Wetlands

Test – 5
Fundamentals of Biosphere Genesis of soil WG, Classification and distribution of soil WG, Soil Profile WG, Factors influencing world distribution of plants & animals WG, Wild life, Gene Pool centres WG; Ecosystems, Principle of Ecology, Biodiversity WG; Human Ecological adaptation WG, Marine resources WG; Natural vegetation, soil types IG, Resources entire IG

Test –6
Map test of Protected Areas of India, Tiger Reserves, ConR, ComR, Elephant Reserves, Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar Sites & Forest Types

Test –7
Environmental Geography (will include All the Important Conventions & Policies of Environment Mitigation & Adaptation in relevance of GS also) Applied Geomorphology WG, Applied Climatology WG, Marine Pollution WG, Problems of soil degradation, deforestation, Ecological imbalances and changesWG, Ecosystem Management & Conservation, Sustainable Development, Environment Policy, Environmental hazards, remedial measures WG; Ecological issues, Environmental hazards, Pollution, Principle of EIA, Soil Erosion, Environmental Degradation, Environmental Policies (Contemporary issues) IG

Test 8
Map test of Agriculture & Resources of India Crop regions ,Areas of agricultural problems Irrigation Sources , Energy ,Mineral& Ocean Resources.

Test – 9
Reproductive Industries World AgricultureWG, Types, agricultural input & productivities, food and nutrition problem, Food security, Agricultural location models WG; All agriculture IG, Food Security IG

Test – 10
Map test of Industries of India Industrial regions ,Location of textile, pharmaceuticals ,iron &steel, automobile ,paper , cement , petro chemical industries

Test – 11
September Manufacturing Geography Energy crisis, World Economic development, Measurement and problems, World industries WG; All Industry IG; Industrial location models WG

Test – 12
September Map test of Transportation Means Roadways ,Railways , Waterways ,Civil Aviation ,Pipeline & Sea Ports.

Test – 1 Characteristics, Configuration & evolution of rocks and landforms

• Factors controlling landform  development (WG)
• Endogenetic  and exogenetic forces (WG)
• Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust (WG)
• Fundamentals of geomagnetism (WG)
• Physical conditions of the earth’s interior (WG)
• Geosynclines (WG)
• Continental drift (WG)
• Isostasy; Plate  tectonics (WG)
• Recent views on mountain building (WG)
• Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis (WG)
• Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development (WG)
• Denudation chronology (WG)
• Channel morphology (WG)
• Erosion surfaces; Slope development (WG)
• Structure and relief of India (IG)
• Drainage systems and watersheds (IG)
• Physiographic regions of India (IG)

Physical ,Regional Study of Weather/Climate and Oceans

• Temperature and pressure belts of the world (WG)
• Heat budget of the earth (WG)
• Atmospheric circulation (WG)
• Atmospheric stability and instability (WG)
• Planetary and local winds (WG)
• Monsoons and jet streams (WG)
• Air masses and frontal genesis (WG)
• Temperate and tropical cyclones (WG)
• Types and distribution of precipitation (WG)
• Weather and Climate (WG)
• Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates (WG)
• Hydrological cycle (WG)
• Mechanism of monsoons and rainfall patterns of India (IG)
• Tropical cyclones and Western Disturbances of India (IG)
• Floods and Droughts of India (IG)
• Climatic Regions of India (IG)
• Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (WG)
• Temperature and salinity of the oceans (WG)
• Heat and salt budgets (WG)
• Ocean deposits (WG)
• Waves, currents and tides (WG)
• Laws of the sea (WG)

Fundamentals of Biosphere

• Genesis of soils (WG)
• Classification and distribution of soils (WG)
• Soil profile (WG)
• Soil erosion (WG)
• Degradation and conservation (WG)
• Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals (WG)
• Problems of deforestation and conservation measures (WG)
• Social forestry; agro-forestry (WG)
• Wild life (WG)
• Major gene pool centres (WG)
• Principle of ecology (WG)
• Human ecological adaptations (WG)
• Influence of man on ecology and environment (WG)
• Natural vegetation (IG)
• Soil types and their distributions (IG)
• Land,surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources (IG)
• Forest and wild life resources and their conservation (IG)
• Energy crisis (IG)

Environmental Geography

• Applied Geomorphology (WG)
• Geo hydrology (WG)
• Economic geology and environment (WG) 
• Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes (WG)
• Applied climatology and Urban climate (WG)
• Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources (WG)
• Coral bleaching (WG)
• Sea-level changes (WG)
• Marine pollution (WG)
• Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances (WG)
• Ecosystem their management and conservation (WG)
• Environmental degradation, management and conservation (WG)
• Biodiversity and sustainable development (WG)
• Environmental policy (WG)
• Environmental hazards and remedial measures (WG)
• Environmental education and legislation (WG)
• Ecological issues (IG)
• Environmental hazards (IG)
• Landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics (IG)
• Issues relating to environmental  pollution (IG)
• Changes in patterns of land use(IG)
• Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management (IG)
• Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion (IG)

Reproductive Industries

• World agriculture (WG)
• Typology of agricultural regions (WG)
• Agricultural inputs and productivity (WG)
• Food and nutrition problems (WG)
• Food security (WG)
• Famine: causes, effects and remedies (WG)
• Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location (WG)
• Infrastructure:  irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power (IG)
• Institutional factors:  land holdings, land tenure and land reforms (IG)
• Cropping pattern, agricultural  productivity, agricultural intensity (IG)
• Crop combination, land capability (IG)
• Agro and social-forestry (IG)
• Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications (IG)
• Significance of dry farming (IG)
• Livestock resources and white revolution; aqua-culture; sericulture (IG)
• Apiculture and poultry (IG)
• Agricultural regionalisation (IG)
• Agro-climatic zones (IG)
• Agro-ecological regions (IG)
• Population explosion and food security (IG)

Manufacturing Geography

• Tourism including eco –tourism (IG)
• Energy crisis (WG)
• The limits to growth (WG)
• World industries: Location patterns and problems (WG)
• Weber’s model of industrial location (WG)
• Evolution of industries (IG)
• Location factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries (IG)
• Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings (IG)
• Industrial regionalization (IG)
• New industrial policies (IG)
• Multinationalsand liberalization (IG)
• SpecialEconomic Zones (IG)

Facilitative Industries

• Patterns of world trade (WG)
• Road, railway, waterway (IG)
• Airway and pipeline networks (IG)
• Their complementary roles in regional development (IG)
• Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade(IG)
• Trade balance (IG)
• Trade Policy (IG)
• Export processing zones(IG)
• Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society (IG)
• Indian space programme(IG)

Regional Developments and Planning and Political Aspects

• Concept of a region (WG)
• Types of regions and methods of regionalization (WG)
• Growth centres and growth poles (WG)
• Regional imbalances (WG)
• Regional development strategies (WG)
• Environmental issues in regional planning (WG)
• Planning for sustainable development (WG)
• Perroux and Boudeville Rostov’s model of stages of growth (WG)
• Experience of regional planning in India (IG)
• Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes (IG)
• Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning (IG)
• Command area development (IG)
• Watershed management (IG)
• Planning for backward area, desert drought prone, hill, tribal area development (IG)
• Multi-level planning (IG)
• Regional planning and development of island territories (IG)
• Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest (IG)
• Regional disparities in economic development (IG)
• Concept  of sustainable growth and  development (IG)
• Environmental awareness (IG)
• Linkage of rivers (IG)
• Globalization and Indian economy (IG)
• Heartland and Rimland theories (WG)
• Laws of  international boundaries and frontiers (WG)
• Geographical basis of Indian federalism (IG)
• State re-organization (IG)      
• Emergence of new states (IG)
• Regional consciousness and interstate issues (IG)
• international boundary of India and related issues (IG)
• Cross border terrorism (IG)
• India’s role in world affairs (IG)        
• Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm (IG)

Perspectives in Human Geography Population and Settlement Geography

• Areal differentiation (WG)
• Regional synthesis  (WG)
• Dichotomy and dualism (WG)
• Environmentalism (WG)
• Quantitative revolution and location analysis (WG)
• Radical, behavioral, human and welfare approaches (WG)
• Languages,religions and secularisation (WG)
• Cultural regions of the world (WG)
• Human development index (WG)
• Systems analysis in Human geography (WG)
• Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models (WG)
• Growth and distribution of world population (WG)
• Demographic attributes (WG)
• Causes and consequences of migration (WG)
• Concepts of  over-under-and optimum population (WG)
• Population theories (WG)
• World population problems and policies (WG)
• Social well-being and quality of life (WG)
• Population as social capital (WG)
• Types and patterns of rural settlements (WG)
• Environmental issues in rural settlements (WG)
• Hierarchy of urban settlements (WG)
• Urbanmorphology (WG)
• Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule (WG)
• Functional classification of towns (WG)
• Sphere of urban influence (WG)
• Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns (WG)
• Problems and remedies of urbanization (WG)
• Sustainable development of cities (WG)

Cultural Setting and Settlements

• Historical Perspective of Indian Society(IG)
• Racial,  linguistic and ethnic diversities (IG)
• Religious  minorities (IG)
• Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems(IG)
• Cultural regions (IG)
• Growth, distribution and density of population (IG)
• Demographic attributes (IG)
• Sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate (IG)
• Work-force, dependency ratio (IG)
• Longevity (IG)
• Migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and international) and associated problems (IG)
• Population problems and  policies (IG)
• Health indicators (IG)
• Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements (IG)
• Urban development (IG)
• Morphology of Indian cities (IG)
• Functional classification of Indian cities (IG)
• Conurbations and metropolitan regions (IG)
• Urban sprawl (IG)
• Slums and associated problems (IG)
• Town planning (IG)
• Problemsof urbanization and remedies (IG)