Geography Optional
QUESTION PAPER ANALYSIS (HUMAN GEOGRAPHY -PAPER – I)
1991 – 2025
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (SYLLABUS)
*Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank- size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural – urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
*Heartland and Rim land theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
QUESTION TREND (1991-2025)
Perspectives in Human Geography: Areal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and location analysis; radical, behavioral, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularization; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.
2025 : How have dichotomy and dualism affected the methodological development of Geography? Describe.
2025 : Analyze the role of language and religion in delineating major cultural regions of the world.
2025 : How do regional components make the (regional synthesis) in spatial arrangement? Explain.
2025 : Why did the Welfare Approach in Human Geography emerge as a significant perspective in 1970s?
2024 : Critically examine the significance of Behavioural Approach in the development of human geography.
2024 :Explain how the physical view of geographical space has impacted the forms of spatial analysis.
2023 : Explain sequential development of areal differentiation as a fundamental concept in human geography.
2023 : What is the relation between gender equity and human development? Provide a list of commonly used gender related indices.
2022: Analyse the effects of Globalisation on languages.
2022: “Culture is a dynamic concept”. Elucidate with examples.
2022: Critically examine the significance of the Quantitative Revolution and its influence in the development of Geography.
2021: The interrelationships between the social and spatial structure are complex. Explain in the context of socio-spatial dialectic.
2021: Suggest criteria, indicators, and techniques for delimitation of formal regions.
2021: Why is radicalism seen as major a paradigm shift in geography? Explain its causes, approaches, and criticism.
2020: “Human ecology is the study of mutual relationship of people and their environment both natural and social.” Discuss in details using ecological concepts.
2019 : “A language originates at a particular place and diffuses to other locations through the migration of its speakers.” Examine this statement in the context of language hot spots and endangered language hot spots.
2019 : Discuss the genetic classification of boundaries suggested by Hartshorne
2019 : HDI has brought a paradigm shift in the way people think about the development process. Critically examine the inherent limitations of HDI.
2018 : “Geography is a contested and multiparadigmic discipline with a strong eurocentricity that has only recently been challenged.” Comment.
2018 : “Areal differentiation has provided the theoretical justification of studying ‘regions’ and ‘ regional geography’.” Comment.
2018 : Comment upon the contributions of D.M. Smith in outlining ‘welfare’ as a key focus in the geographies of social well-being.
2018 : Provide a brief outline of ideas related to ‘sense of place’ as propounded by Yi-Fu Tuan and Relph in the humanistic geography that emerged in the 1970’s.
2018 : Elaborate upon the influence of Marxist philosophy on geographical research, outlining key themes addressed by Marxist geographers since the 1970’s.
2018 : “Welfare geography emphasizes spatial inequality and territorial justice.” Comment with reference to the main ideas and scope of the subfield.
2018 : Discuss critically the manner in which quantitative revolution provided the methodological foundation for models and modeling in geography.
2017 : Explain the concept of Time Geography.
2017 : Discuss the contemporary paradigms of Geography.
2017 : “The intensity of energy crisis varies regionally”. Explain.
2017 : Examine the causes and consequences of forced migration of population in the present context.
2017 : Define the quality of life and explain its parameters with adequate examples.
2016 : “Areal differentiation forms the core theme in Geography.” Explain.
2016 : Trace the origin and progress of Quantitative Revolution in Geography and bring out its merits and demerits.
2016 : Discuss the relevance of ‘Stop and Go Determinism’ in the present day context.
2015 : “The welfare face of geography makes it an inter- disciplinary subject.” Elaborate.
2015 : “The welfare face of geography makes it an inter- disciplinary subject.” Elaborate.
2015 : “Regional synthesis is the crux of geographical studies.” Elaborate
2015 : Cultural regions are the most suited units to study the diversity of an area”. Comment.
2015 : Discuss the approaches to the study of behavioural geography
2015 : “There is a rejuvenation of environmentalism as a paradigm in geographical studies.” Comment.
2014 : Elaborate the concept of mental map.
2014 : Critically analyze application of models in Geography.
2014 : Discuss the contribution of geographers in the development of radical geography.
2014 : Giving suitable examples, describe the importance of system analysis in geographical studies.
2013 : “Ellen Churchill Semple is an ardent supporter of Determinism.”
2013 : Explain the parameters for assessment and the spatial pattern of Human Development Index in the world.
2012 : No Question
2011 : Welfare Approach in Human Geography.
2011 : Discuss the impact of positivism in paradigm shift in Geography.
2010 : Critically examine the method of deriving Human development index.
2010 : Critically examine the changing perspective of the concept of areal differences.
2009 : ‘Quantitative Revolution and model building provided an empirical basis for geographical research’ – Elaborate.
2009 : Provide a broad classification of world cultural regions.
2008 : No question. 2007 : No question. 2006 : No question. 2005 : No question.
2004 : Distinguish between radical and welfare approaches in geographic studies.
2003 : Present a critical analysis of human and welfare approaches in Human Geography.
2002 : No question.
2001 : Discuss the concept and application of systems analysis in human geography.
2000 : No question.
1999 : Describe the sequence of major paradigm shifts in geographic thought during the twentieth century.
1998 : What is understood by quantification in Geography? Discuss the significance of quantification in modern geographical studies with examples.
1997 : Critically examine the concept of dualism with special reference to physical versus human geography.
1996 : “The emergence of Behavioural Geography was due to the disillusionment with anxioms on which models were based and the axioms were far removed from reality”. Comment.
1995 : Discuss the contributions of Al Biruni towards the development of geographical knowledge.
1994 : Examine critically the concepts of ‘determinism; and possibilism. Bring out the significance of regional concept.
1993 : No question.
1992 : Give a comparative assessment of the works of Humboldt and Ritter leading to the foundation of modern geographical thought.
1991 : Explain the major contribution by Arab geographers of the early medieval period in the development of geographic thought.
Economic Geography: World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.
2025 : What are the key environmental and economic challenges linked to the extraction and processing of critical minerals?
2025 : Analyze the spatial patterns and regional specialization of plantation crops across tropical and subtropical regions.
2025 : Why is oil important for energy security? What is the role of oil in clean energy transition?
2024 :“While scarcity of water resources are felt locally, but its causes are increasingly global.”Comment.
2024 : Explain the basis of D. Whittlesey’s classification of agricultural regions of the world.
2024 : Analyse the spatial changes and emerging patterns of semiconductor manufacturing in the world.
2023 : Discuss critically food and nutrition problems associated with the developing world.
2023 : Explain population resource use and development nexus in the Limits to Growth Model. Why this model is criticized intensively?
2022 : “Shifting global trade patterns create new opportunities”. Examine this statement.
2022: “Automation is rapidly changing the economies of labour and will affect trade patterns in significance ways”. Clarify.
2022: “Climate change is a serious problem to global food security and poverty eradication”. Critically examine.
2021: How is energy transition seen as an instrument for achieving zero carbon by 2050?
2021: Protected cultivation assists in healthier and larger produce. Justify with examples.
2021: Development-induced displacement poses serious challenges. Mention its causes, consequences, and solutions.
2021: Describe the role of accessibility and affordability in the food security of the developing world.
2020: Identify the causes and effects of energy crisis, and suggest suitable measures to solve the problem.
2020: “Where economic growth is sustained over long time periods, its incidence works towards a progressive integration of space economy” elucidate.
2019 : Define stunting and wasting. Why are these more prevalent among children in developing countries.
2019 : “A large-scale global shift in manufacturing is the outcome of deindustrialization in the developed world matched by industrialization in the developing world.” Analyze this statement.
2019 : Globalization can often subsume folk culture. What are its positive and negative effects?
2018 : Discuss the degree of importance of transportation costs as a factor of industrial location with respect to “footloose industries”.
2018 : “Famine is a social phenomena rooted in institutional and political economic arrangements, which determine access to food by different classes and strata.” Comment.
2018 : Discuss in brief the main thesis in “Limits to Growth” (1972) and also provide a critique of the same.
2017 : “Whittlesey’s agricultural regions are relevant even today”. Discuss.
2017 : Give an account on sustainable development and its components.
2017 : “The intensity of energy crisis varies regionally”. Explain.
2016 : “Linkages between resource-endowed regions and resource-utilizing regions determine the pattern of international trade.” Elaborate with suitable examples.
2015 : “Energy mix is a step towards sustainability.” Discuss.
2014 : Discuss environmental and economic problems associated with coal production.
2014 : “World is passing through a global resource dilemma.” Comment.
2013 : Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil.
2013 : Countries most affected in case of shut-down of Nuclear power.
2013 : Discuss the changing pattern of production and export of Coffee in the world.
2013 : Analyze the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.
2012 : Problems faced by industries which developed due to inertia.
2012 : Impact of failure of Monsoon on Gujarat Agro-climate zone.
2012 : Locational significance of Rotterdam European economy.
2011 : Mention the agriculture regions as classified by Whittlessy and discuss their relevance.
2010 : Famine to a considerable extent, is a man made Hazard. Elaborate.
2010 : Discuss the role of WTO in determining the pattern of World Trade.
2009 : Discuss the consequences of Climate Change on agriculture and food security, and on the Coastal Zones of the world.
2009 : Provide a geographical account of global production and distribution of food.
2008 : Discuss the views of Von Thunen on agricultural location.
2007 : Explain the concept of sustainable development and propose a model for agricultural development.
2006 : No question
2005 : Discuss Weber’s theory of industrial location ,and assess its relevance in the present-day context.
2004 : No question. 2003 : No question. 2002 : No question.
2001 : Examine the spatial patterns of development disparity prevailing in the world.
2000 : No question.
1999 : How far do the patterns of economic development and those of human development correspond with each other in the world? Illustrate your answer with examples.
1998 : Explain the term resource management. Discuss its relevance in the context of global resource scarcity and the future of mankind.
1998 : Examine the impact of advanced agricultural technology on environment. Support your answer with examples.
1997 : “Water is a scarce resource in plenty”. Comment and discuss its importance in the balanced habitat development. Support your answer with examples from Asia.
1996 : Examine the bases of classification of agricultural regions as proposed by Whittlesey and explain the causes for the essential difference between intensive subsistence tillage with rice dominant and without rice in the crop association.
1995 : No question. 1994 : No question.
1993 : Give an account of the agricultural typology of the world as presented by Whittlesey and critically examine the parameters used in its delineation.
1992 : No question.
1991 : Examine the world patterns of industrial development and explain the problems of industrial development at national levels.
Population and Settlement Geography: Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over- under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well- being and quality of life; Population as social capital.
Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank- size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural – urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
2025 : Why is systems analysis important in urban planning and what are its limitations?
2025 : Factors in internal migration are often based on perceptions rather than reality. Explain.
2025 : Critically evaluate the role of primate cities in dominating the urban spheres of influence in developing countries.
2025 : “The global demographic landscape is evolving with rapid population growth in some places and rapid ageing in others.” Elucidate with examples.
2025 : Analyze the role of demographic transition theory in explaining variations in fertility and mortality rates globally.
2024 :Central Business District (CBDs) are in decline as the economic core of metropolitan cities. Critically examine.
2024 :The urbanisation process is particularly pronounced in Asia and Africa, where too many urban residents grapple with extreme poverty, exclusion, vulnerability and marginalisation.
2024 :What is complementary region? With reference to hierarchy of settlements, describe the different types of complementary regions as proposed by Christaller.
2024 : “In developed countries, migration rather than fertility will be the main driver of population dynamics over the next few decades.” Examine the statement.
2023 : Human migration is a reflection of the balance between push and pull factors.Elaborate with reference to the most recent diaspora.
2023 : Explain the problems and prospects of urban expansion in context of urban fringe in developed and developing nations.
2023 : “Rural settlements are expressions of the basic relationships between human begins and their physical and social environment” discuss.
2022: Examine the morphological factors that influence the origin and growth of towns.
2022: “Over crowding leads to chronic problems of shortage of housing in Indian cities”. Explain citing relevant examples.
2022 : How migration is affected by push and pull factors? Explain how these factors play a role in understanding new settlement patterns.
2022 : Discuss the concept of ‘Rank-Size-Rule’ given by G. K. Zipf. Is this rule relevant in Indian context?
2021: Aging population has adverse social and economic consequences. Explain with examples.
2021: Small number of mega-cities are playing a key role in organization of global economics and culture. Explain.
2020: Analyse India’s food security in context of population growth.
2020: Distinguish between mobility and migration. What are the causes and consequences of rural to urban migration in India?
2020: Compare and contrast the Malthusian and Neo -Malthusian perspectives in the context of population growth, resource use and environmental impact.
2020: Discuss the concept of urban resilience in the context of planning for sustainable development with reference to towns and cities of India.
2020: Write an essay on gender equity and equality in India in the context of balanced human development.
2020: Provide an account of world population transition in the context of fertility decline and socio- economic development.
2019 : Explain the relationship between net reproductive rate (NRR) and true replacement level of population.
2019 : What do you mean by ‘climatic migrants’? Suggest appropriate policies and programmes for their resettlement.
2019 : What changes in the current planning, management and governance of human settlements are needed to face the changing environment including climate change and disaster vulnerabilities in cities?
2019 : Assess the challenges for countries with the largest shares of aged populations.
2018 : Explain the concepts of “megalopolis” and “exopolis”with regard to the growth of cities indicating whether the two can and do overlap.
2018 : Citing examples from Asia and Europe, comment upon the contexts within which pronatalist population policies are advanced. What could be the implications of these policies on women’s workforce participation?
2017 : Examine the causes and consequences of forced migration of population in the present context.
2017 : “There are considerable demographic similarities between West European nations and Japan”. Explain.
2017 : Explain the concept of social capital in relation to India.
2016 : Discuss the major characteristics of ‘CBD’.
2016 : Discuss the role of site in determining the types and patterns of rural settlements.
2016 : Describe the regional pattern of Life Expectancy in the world and bring out the challenges faced by developing countries due to increasing life expectancy.
2015 : Discuss Nelson’s method of functional classification of towns.
2015 : “Marx’s view on population is more humanistic.” Comment.
2015 : Critically examine the theories on population migration.
2014 : Discuss the factors responsible for counter-urbanization
2014 : “Rural sustainability is necessary for urban sustainability”. Discuss the statement in the backdrop of integrated development approach.
2014 : “Indo-Gangetic hearth is considered to be one of the world’s richest cultural realms.” Examine.
2014 : Explain the qualitative and quantitative methods of delineation of the sphere of urbaninfluence.
2013 : What is Geriatrics? What are the problems associated with Geriatric population?
2012 : Relevance of distance decay principle in Indian cities.
2012 : Impact of migration on urban demography.
2012 : Similarities in the population distribution of southern continents and reasons for the same.
2012 : Status of infant mortality rate in the world.
2012 : Evaluate the various models on population density distribution in urban centres.
2012 : ‘ Though 70% of Indian population is rural urban planning is crucial to the development of India’. Discuss.
2012 : Impact of changing fertility ratio on world population distribution.
2012 : ‘ Colonial forces resulted in the primate pattern of urban process in most Southeast Asian Countries.’ Discuss
2012 : Regional shift in the world urbanisation after 1950 and the varied characteristic of urban process.
2011 : Secondary cities in the context of urbanization in developing world.
2011 : Population and Food security.
2011 : Critically examine the salient feature of Central Place Theory propounded by Christaller and Losch.
2010 : Identify the regions affected by Chikangunya with the help of sketched map and bring out the regional pattern of the disease.
2009 : What are the causes and consequences of environmental degradation in India’s industrial areas ? Give specific examples.
2008 : Discuss the social and economic theories of population growth.
2008 : Describe the laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
2007 : Give an account of functional bases to central place hierarchy.
2007 : Write a note on the parameters used to describe the demographic transitions in the developing countries like India.
2006 : In Urban geography, what are the concepts of primate city and Rank Size Rules ?
2005 : No question. 2004 : No question.
2003 : Examine the concept of sphere of urban influence and discuss the qualitative and quantitative methods used in its delimaitaion.
2002 : No Question.
2001 : Bring out the main points of difference between the central place theories of Christaller and Losch.
2000 : Discuss the causes and consequences of population migration.
1999 : Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the pre-industrial and industrial cities.
1998 : No question. 1997 : No question. 1996 : No question.
1995 : Examine the theories about population control and explain the relative merits of these theories in limiting population growth.
1994 : No question.
1993 : Discuss the major international streams of migration in the world in recent times and account for the relationship that exists between population pressure areas and migration prospects.
1992 : Citing suitable examples from India, explain the role of site and other physical factors in determining the types and patterns of rural settlements.
1991 : Trace and account for the various trends of population growth in the world during the present century.
Regional Planning: Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centers and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
2025 : ‘Regional imbalances are the product of socio-economic factors.’ Elucidate with examples.
2025 : How do regional components make the (regional synthesis) in spatial arrangement? Explain.
2024 :There is a need for gender-sensitive regional development. Elaborate.
2024 :Assess the criteria required for selecting regions for developmental planning.
2023 : Discuss the differenttypes of polarization induced spatial inequalities and imbalances associated with growth poles.
2023 : How can sustainable Land Management (SLM) harmonize the complimentary goals of environmental, economic and social opportunities ? Discuss
2023 : Describe the concept of Planning Region. Explain the environmental and economic factors in the creation of such regions.
2022 : What are the high altitude environmental hazards? Explain with suitable examples.
2022: Discuss the role of transportation accessibility in regional development.
2022: Explain in detail the impact of regional disparities on economic development.
2021: Explain the processes of contagion and hierarchical diffusion in addressing regional imbalances.
2021: The environmental issues are not adequately addressed in the regional planning. Comment.
2020: ” Land degradation is a threat to productivity and sustainable resource management.” Explain with suitable examples from India.
2020: Analyse the dynamics of industrial location in the metropolitan cities of India.
2019 : What are natural regions? How are they different from planning regions?
2019 : “Growth is not uniform in different places.” Critically examine this statement in the context of the growth pole theory.
2018 : No question.
2017 : Examine the role of small towns in the regional development process.
2016 : Elaborate the idea of ‘Compage’.
2016 : What is a ‘region’? Describe ‘Thiessen’ polygon method of regional delimitation.
2016 : In what ways can geographers contribute towards optimal land use planning in a region?
2015 : “Development planning has a component of environmental cost.” Discuss.
2015 : “Geographical traits lead to regional imbalances.” Examine.
2015 : “Vital statistics are necessary ingredients for development planning.” Elaborate.
2014 : Explain the relevance of bottom-up and top-down approaches in the development of agrarian economy.
2014 : Explain the necessary conditions of takeoff and subsequent stages of development of a nation as propounded by Rostow.
2013 : Misra’s theoretical stages of Rural-Urban Process.
2012 : Salient feature of watershed planning and its advantages and disadvantages,.
2011 : Ingredients of Sustainable Development.
2010 : Enumerate alternative strategies of planning for backward regions.
2009 : Highlight the significance of environmental issues in Regional Planning.
2008 : No question. 2007 : No question.
2006 : What is the concept of region ? Discuss the types of regions.
2005 : What is a region ? Discuss the methods of regionalisation.
2004 : Discuss various strategies for correcting regional imbalances.
2003 : No question.
2002 : To what extent do the regional patterns of economics development and human development in the world correspond with each other ? Highlight situations of departure, in particular.
2001 : Critically examine the role of growth centres and growth poles in regional development process.
2000 : What is a region? Discuss the types of regions and methods of regionalization.
1999 : No question. 1998 : No question. 1997 : No question.
1996 : “Without the Mediterranean Europe could not be held, without the Middle East the Mediterranean could not be held”. Discuss.
1995 : No question.
1994 : Oil has placed in the hands of Arab nations a tremendous geopolitical weapon with whichto wield power. Comment.
1993 : No question.
1992 : No question. 1991 : No question.
Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography:Systems analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
2025 : Why has P. Perroux’s theory of growth pole as a model of regional growth been criticized? Explain with examples.
2024 :Explain the theoretical framework and stages of economic growth proposed by Rostow’s model.
2024 :Explain the Heartland theory with reference to contemporary geopolitical scenario of the world.
2024 :What is Trans nationalism? Why has the scale and scope of transnational linkages of diaspora multiplied in recent times
2023 : Has Malthusian Theory been discredited in contemporary times? Justify your answer.
2023 : “The stages of Demographic Transition are a reflection of uneven economic development across the globe.” Explain with suitable examples.
2023 : Explain with suitable diagrams A.Losch’s model of the Theory of Location related to Central Places. Why has this been criticized?
2023 : “Boundaries and frontiers have different meanings in geographic literature” Substantiate your answer in the present context.
2022 : Explain the relevance and applicability of Von Thunen theory of Agriculture-location in today’s world.
2021: Examine the relevance of the Central Place Theory of Christaller in the present context.
2021: Boundaries are important in geopolitics. Explain. What issues develop from the inclusionary and exclusionary aspects of borders?
2021: Present a critical account of Alfred Weber Theory of Industrial location.
2020: Write note on the relevance of Von Thunen’s agriculture location theory in present context.
2020: In modern world most of the frontiers have been replaced by boundaries. Explain with reasons.
2020: Discuss how and why Mackinder modified his concept of Pivot Area after World Wars?
2019 : Distinguish between ‘isodapanes’ and ‘isotims’. Critically examine the least cost theory of industrial location given by Alfred Weber.
2019 : Examine the relevance of the ‘rim land theory’ in the contemporary world.
2018 : Write a note on “forward and backward linkages’ in Perroux’s thesis of economic growth and regional development.
2018 : Outline briefly the “age of mass consumption” as ` described by Rostov in his ‘multi- stage theory of growth’.
2017 : Write an explanatory note on geographical systems.
2017 : Discuss the applicability of Christaller’s Central Place Theory.
2017 : “The Heartland Theory is gaining importance once again”. Comment.
2016 : Explain ‘Isodapane’.
2016 : Discuss the application of Gravity model in Geographical studies.
2016 : Define and differentiate between boundaries and frontiers. Describe the geometrical boundaries with suitable examples.
2016 : Give a critical account of Losch’s theory of central places.
2015 : Discuss the relevance of Von Thunen’s model on agricultural location in the contemporary context.
2014 : No Question.
2013 : What are the basic postulates in the Central Place Model of Christaller?
2012 : No Question.
2011 : Isodapne in the Theory of Industrial Location.
2011 : Distinguish between boundaries and frontiers. Identify different types of boundaries.
2011 : Discuss Systems Approach and its applicability in Geography.
2010 : No question.
2009 : No question.
2008 : No question.
2007: No question.
2006 : Write down main agriculture types and their associated features with special reference to Whittlesey. Show these regions on the World map provided to you.
2005 : Examine the Heart -Land theory , and assess its merits and demerits.
2004 : To what extent are the Heartland and Rimland theories helpful in understanding the world political situation today ? Express your opinion clearly.
2003 : Critically examine the stages of Economic Growth Model propounded by Rostov. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
2002 : No question. 2001 : No question.
2000 : Explain the basis and applicability of Christallar’s Central place theory. Bring out the recent modification.
1999 : No question. 1998 : No question.
1997 : Critically examine Alfred Weber’s Theory of the Location of Industries.
1996 : No question.
1995 : Explain and illustrate the models of internal structure of cities as proposed by Burgess and Hoyt. Mention also the limitations of these models.
1994 : Discuss Van Thunen’s model of agricultural land use and examine if the model is applicable to India.
1993 : Define umland and discuss, with specific examples, the criteria for its delimitation.
1992 : Discuss on the theories of Industrial location propounded by any two of the following :Weber : Hoover and Smith.
1991 : No question.
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